Difference equations, as discrete analogues of differential equations, form a fundamental mathematical framework for describing systems that evolve incrementally over time or space. Coupled with ...

Boundary-domain integral equations (BDIEs) have emerged as a robust framework for the reformulation and solution of boundary value problems (BVPs) in complex settings. By incorporating integrals over ...

Reviews ordinary differential equations, including solutions by Fourier series. Physical derivation of the classical linear partial differential equations (heat, wave, and Laplace equations). Solution ...