Industrial control systems can be categorized in two types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. The open-loop control system is a continuous control system that provides no feedback from its output.

All systems can be understood using an input-process-output (IPO) model, and the system we call “innovation” is no exception. This model is likely familiar to you from information technology and ...

Understanding the feed-forward mechanism is required in order to create a neural network that solves difficult practical problems such as predicting the result of a football game or the movement of a ...

We could be here for a while. This is Zoe. Zoe knows that systems are made of inputs, processes and outputs and how they work. So, an input device is something that takes a real-world signal like ...

This week Gibbs looks at a language straight out of the CS labs called Processing. Designed for creating visual output, Processing is simple and easy to use yet powerful enough for serious ...

Editor’s Note: This article was submitted in response to the call for ideas issued by the co-chairs of the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence, Eric Schmidt and Robert Work. It ...

Safety-relevant output modules as well as a logic module with expanded functional scope have been added to modules already available. Fourteen different safety-relevant function modules, from a simple ...