Frequency response is defined as: A measure of the effectiveness with which a circuit, device, or system transmits the different frequencies applied to it. It is a phasor whose magnitude is the ratio ...

“Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications promise Gigabit/s data rates thanks to the availability of large swaths of bandwidth between 10–100 GHz. Although cellular operators prefer the lower portions ...

A general-purpose vector signal analyzer offers a low-cost, flexible option for measuring the frequency settling time of PLLs. By Douglas Olney, Keithley Instruments Inc. The frequency-settling time ...

Frequency response measurements are a mainstay of RF communications design and generally considered a routine task—unless one of the device ports happens to be at I-Q baseband. Here, the convenience ...

Today, a vast number of micro-manufactured sensors, actuators and components vibrate at frequencies in the high MHz range. Some examples of these high-frequency vibrating systems include surface ...

The average textbook definition of modulation reads: modulation is a process in which the frequency, phase or amplitude of a carrier wave varies in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating ...

[Hans] wanted to see the frequency response of a bandpass filter but didn’t have a lot of test equipment. Using an RTL-SDR dongle, some software and a quickly made noise generator, he still managed to ...

Counting frequency is one of those tasks that seems simple on the face of it, but actually has quite a bit of nuance. There are two obvious methods, of which the first is to count zero crossings for ...