The performance of analogue phase-locked loops (PLLs) has steadily improved with operating frequencies extending to 8GHz and beyond. Recently, digital PLLs based on direct digital synthesis (DDS) have ...

At the heart of a clocking device is the phased-locked loop (PLL). A key part of the PLL is the loop filter, which converts correction currents from the PLL charge pump into a control voltage for the ...

Digital PLLs outperform analog PLLs in jitter, phase noise, power, and die area. They also reduce migration risk and cost. They make integration and production test easy. Yet, they have not been ...

Clock signals provide reference timing to every integrated circuit and electrical system. While consumer applications typically use simple quartz crystals for reference-clock generation, other ...

One of the most challenging tasks in analog circuit design is to adapt a functional block to ever new CMOS process technology. For digital circuits the number of gates per square mm approx. doubles ...

Clock signals provide reference timing to every integrated circuit and electrical system. Consumer applications typically use simple quartz crystals for reference clock generation. Other applications, ...

Phase-locked-loop (PLL) frequency synthesizers are signal sources often employed in many types of electronic equipment. They show up as clock sources in high-frequency instruments and as local ...