Security and networking platforms for large enterprises and data centers are rapidly evolving in sophistication and performance. In the security space, simple packet-filtering firewalls are evolving ...

The purpose of the network layer is to help route messages between different local networks. Central to this layer is the concept of exclusive network addresses, where every terminal connected to the ...

In the last issue we started following a packet's journey from the wire up to the higher levels of network stack processing. We left the packet at the end of layer 3 processing, where IP has ...

For a class project I had to code an TCP/UDP echo client and server and then capture the resulting packets using TCPDUMP. Here is the output for sending 1000 characters (1000 bytes) from a file from ...

Trying to understand every detail involved in creating an embedded product that communicates via Internet protocols can be a daunting task. These protocols were created for systems that generally have ...

Ethernet is a layer 2 data link protocol that is widely used with the TCP/IP protocol, which resides at layers 3 and 4. To understand network communications, it is essential to learn about the ...

Sending a message through the Internet is a sophisticated process regulated by layers of complex protocols. For example, when a user selects a URL (uniform resource locator), requesting a web page, ...