Thermal effects can increase or decrease bolt load and clamping capability. Measuring the angle of nut rotation can sometimes be used to gage preload. Modeling the ...

Thermoelectric coolers (TECs) are common and (look) simple, but simple (and usefully accurate) design models and equations for them are less common. This design model has served well in a variety of ...

In order to achieve fusion power generation, it is necessary to confine and maintain high-temperature plasma in a magnetic field. To achieve this, the turbulence that causes the plasma temperature to ...

Bypass pipes, accompanied by a three-way control valve, are often seen in hydronic systems at both served loads (e.g., reheat coils) as well as at primary equipment (e.g., cooling towers). Reasons for ...